Module 22: Noun

 

Nouns

Nouns are one of the four major word classes, along with verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Nouns are the largest word class. Here some rules you should know about nouns:

The following list contains some Non-Count Nouns

Sand                           

News                          

Measles                      

Food                           

Soap                           

Mumps                         

Information

Economics

Physics

Mathematics

Politics

Homework

Money

Air

Meat

Advertising

Coffee

 

Words begin with a consonant sound and always be preceded by a (Example: A Uniform).

European

House

Uniform

Eulogy            

Home

University

Euphemism    

Heavy             

Universal

Eucalyptus     

Half
Union

 

 

Words begin with an vowel sound and always thus must always be preceded an (Example: An Umbrella).

Hour

Uncle

Heir

Umbrella

Herbal

Unnatural honor

Understanding

 

 

None/No

None can take either a singular or plural verb, depending on the noun which follows it.

Form                : None + of the + noun- count noun + singular verb
Example          : None of the counterfeit news has been found.

Form                : None + of the + plural- count noun + plural verb
Example          : None of stars shine tonight.

No can take either a singular or plural verb, depending on the noun which follows it.

Form                : No + noun- count noun/singular noun + singular verb
Example          : No example is relevant to this case.

Form                : No + noun verb + plural verb
Example          : No examples are relevant to this case.

 

Either/Neither
Depending on whether the noun following or and nor is singular or plural. If or nor appears alone, the same rule applies. Study the following formulas

Form: neither/either + noun (nor/or) + plural noun + plural verb
Example:
1. Neither I nor my brothers do not smoke cigarette.
2. Either Adel or her friends come to school early.  

Form: neither/either + noun (nor/or) + singular noun + singular verb
Example:
1. Neither I nor my brother does not smoke cigarette.
2. Either Adel or her friend comes to school early.  

 

Gerund as Subjects

If a sentence begins [verb + ing] (gerund), the verb must also be singular.

Example:
1. Writing essays is my hobby.
2. Being a teacher makes happy.
3. Not Studying has caused him many problems.
4. Writing many letters makes her happy.

Collective Nouns
Congress         family              group               committee       class

Organization   team                army                club                 crowd

Government    jury                  majority           minority          public

Majority can be singular or plural. If it is alone it is usually singular, if it is followed by a plural noun, it is usually plural.
1. The majority believes that we are in no danger.
2. The majority of the students believe him to be innocent.
3. The crowd was wild with excitement.

 

Synonym A

Avail

Use, Purpose, Advantage, Profit

use, purpose, advantage, or profit: We tried to persuade her not to resign, but to no avail (= did not succeed).

Synonym B

Bystanders		People who see or know about bullying, but do nothing to stop it.
Banquet (Perjamuan)		I go to the banquet my future husband

Synonym C

Clam (Kulit Kerang)	Shell	A type of sea creature with a shell in two parts that can close  together tightly, and a soft body that can be eaten.
Clamp (Penjepit)		A device made of wood or metal that is used to hold two things together tightly

Synonym D

Dean (Dekan)

Leader

An official of high rank in a college or university who is responsible for the organization of a department or departments: She is the new dean of the faculty of social sciences.

Synonym E

Essence (Penting)

Importance, Simply

The basic or most important idea or quality of something: The essence of his argument was that education should continue throughout life.

Synonym F

Flame (Api Besar)	Fire, Hot	a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire: The flames grew larger as the fire spread.
Fleet (Armada)	Ships	A group of ships, or all of the ships in a country’s navy: a fleet of 20 sailing ships.
Feast (Makanan)	Food, Party, Dishes, Meal	a special meal with very good food or large meal many people: “What a feast! She said, surveying all the dishes on the table.
Footpath (Trotoar)	Pathway	A path, especially in the countryside, for walking on.
Fountain (Air Mancur)		A stream of water that is forced up into the air through small hole, especially for decorative effect, or the structure in a lake or pool from which this flows.

Synonym L

Leverage	Action	the action or advantage of using a lever: Using ropes and wooden poles for leverage, they haul sacks of cement up the track.
Lawn (Daerah Rumput)		an area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, that is cut regularly to keep it short: Will you mow the lawn at the weekend?

Synonym M

Mobster (Mafia)

Gangster

the action or advantage of using a lever: Using ropes and wooden poles for leverage, they haul sacks of cement up the track.

Synonym N

Navy (Angkatan Lauk)

Sea Force

The part of a country’s armed forces that is trained to operate at sea: My brother is an officer in the navy.

 

 

Synonym R

Ramp (Jalan Landai)	Slope	An artificial slope: I pushed the wheelchair up the ramp and into the supermarket.
Robbery (Perampokan)		the crime of stealing from somewhere or someone: The gang admitted they had committed four recent bank robberies.
Reservoir (Waduk)	Atificial Lake	A place for storing liquid, especially a natural or artificial lake providing water for a city or other area.

Synonym S

Sunshade (Pelindung Sinar Matahari)		An object similar to an umbrella that you carry to protect yourself from light from the sun.
Seed (Benih)	Plant	a small, round or oval object produced by a plant and from which, when it is planted, a new plant can grow: Sow the seeds (= put them in the ground) about three centimetres deep.

Synonym T

Tenant (Penyewa)	Renter	A person who pays rent for the use of land or a building: For years, they were tenants on my father’s property.
Theft (Pencuri)	Thief	(the act of) dishonestly taking something that belongs to someone else and keeping it: Unfortunately, we have had several thefts in the building recently.
Thumb (Ibu Jari)		the short, thick finger on the side of your hand that make it possible to hold and pick things up easily.

Synonym U

Upstanders

They help people who are getting bullied.  They help when something is wrong and act to make it right.

Synonym O

Onset (Permulaan Serangan)

the moment at which something begins, and especially something uncomfortable or unpleasant: the onset of winter

 

Synonym P

Pride (Kebanggaan)	Satisfaction	A feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good: She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award.
Premises (Tempat)	House, Building	The land and buildings owned by someone, especially by a company or organization: The company is relocating to new premises