Module 29: Reduce Clause

 

Reduce Clause

Present Participle Phrases (Active).

 

Affirmative

Present Continuous

Farida who is learning English wants to go to Pare next week. (Learning)

Farida learning English wants to go to Pare next week.

 

Present Perfect

The MPs, who have finally voted, are leaving parliament

The MPs, having finally voted, are leaving parliament

 

Negative

Past Simple

The people that did not exercise every day lost the least weight.

The people not exercising every day lost the least weight.

 

 

Past Participle Phrases (Passive).

 

The pare which is visited by Farida next week is the best city in Indonesia.

The Pare visited by Farida next week is the best city in Indonesia.

 

The silk, which is imported from Thailand, is worth a lot.

The silk, imported from Thailand, is worth a lot.

 

The car, which had broken down, was by the edge of the road.

The broken down car was by the edge of the road.

 

The glass, which is stained, needs cleaning.

The stained glass needs cleaning.

 

Continuous Tense (Passive)

Farida, who is being driven to learn TOEFL test, should learn many grammatical errors.

Farida, being driven to learn TOEFL test, should learn many grammatical errors.

 

Suhalmin, who is being driven to learning IELTS by Farida, look like the cat ate the canary.

Suhalmin, being driven to learning IELTS by Farida, look like the cat ate the canary.

 

Perfect Tenses

The new Town Hall, which has been designed by TMC Architects Ltd, is expected to receive several awards

The new Town Hall, having been designed by TMC Architects Ltd, is expected to receive several awards.

 

Choosing a Present or Past Participle Phrase

a perfect active participle phrase:

The students that have studied the hardest have the best results.

The students having studied the hardest have the best results.

 

a present participle.

The students that have studied the hardest have the best results

The students studying the hardest have the best results.

 

Prepositional Phrases

The book that is on the table is mine.

The book on the table is mine.

 

The house which is across the street is for sale

The house across the street is for sale

 

The man who is in the jacket is my cousin

The man in the jacket is my cousin.

 

Adjectives

The boy who is oldest won the race.

The oldest boy won the race.

 

You can carry the box that is lightest.

You can carry the lightest box.

 

Let's go to the country which is the hottest

Let's go to the hottest country.

 

Adjective Phrases (adjective + verb+ing)

The egg, which smelled foul, couldn't be eaten.

The foul smelling egg couldn't be eaten.

 

I played the song that sounded the best.

I played the best sounding song.

 

He always wears clothes that look expensive.

He always wears expensive looking clothes.